Previous studies shown that myeloperoxidase (MPO) level is higher in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF); however, no genetic evidence betweenMPOand AF risk in human population was observed. Therefore, the present study was aimed to investigate the association between rs2243828, a variant in promoter region ofMPOand the risk of AF in Chinese GeneID population. The results demonstrated that the minor G allele of rs2243828 showed a significant association with AF in two independent population (GeneID-north population with 694 AF cases and 710 controls, adjustedP(-adj) = 6.25 x 10(-3)with an odds ratio was 0.77, GeneID-central population with 1106 cases and 1501 controls,P-adj = 9.88 x 10(-5)with an odds ratio was 0.75). The results also showed G allele was significantly associated with lower plasma concentration of myeloperoxidase in general population. We also observed a significant difference of odds ratio between subgroups of hypertension and non-hypertension. Therefore, our findings identified variant inMPOassociated with risk of AF and it may give strong evidence to link the inflammation with the incidence of AF.