The therapeutic potential of Annexin A1, an important member of the Annexin superfamily, has become evident in results of experiments with multiple human systems and animal models. The anti-inflammatory and pro-resolving effects of Annexin A1 are characteristic of pathologies involving the nervous system. In this review, we initially describe the expression sites of Annexin A1, then outline the mechanisms by which Annexin A1 maintains the neurological homeostasis through either formyl peptide receptor 2 or other molecular approaches; and, finally, we discuss the neuroregenerative potential qualities of Annexin A1. The eye and the nervous system are anatomically and functionally connected, but the association between visual system pathogenesis, especially in the retina, and Annexin A1 alterations has not been well summarized. Therefore, we explain the beneficial effects of Annexin A1 for ocular diseases, especially for retinal diseases and glaucoma on the basis of published findings, and we explore present and future delivery strategies for Annexin A1 to the retina.