Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the association between chronic kidney disease (CKD) and different types of cancer and the effect of CKD on mortality among types of cancer. Methods: 30559 participants from NHANES 1999-2014 were included in our analysis, which had 2824 participants with cancer. Subgroups were grouped by cancer location. The association of different types of cancer with CKD was assessed using logistic regression models. Kaplan-Meier estimates and Cox proportional hazards models were used to evaluate the correlation between CKD and all-cause mortality in different cancer groups. Results: Age, gender, race, education level, income level, hypertension, diabetes, smoking status, alcohol consumption, TG, HDL-C, UA and eGFR were significantly different between the cancer and non-cancer group. The three cancers with highest prevalence of CKD were kidney cancer (72.3%), bladder cancer (54.7%), and colon cancer (43.0%) in this study. The prevalence of CKD was higher in cancer patients compared to non-cancer ones. Only genitourinary cancer showed a positive association with CKD (OR=1.23, 95% CI: 1.05-1.44) after adjusting for confounding factors. However, CKD was an independent risk factor for mortality from cancer regardless of the type of cancer. Conclusion: CKD is significantly associated only with genitourinary cancer among different types of cancer. CKD is an independent risk factor for survival in cancer patients, regardless of the type of cancer. Monitoring and maintaining the renal function of cancer patients is essential for prolonging their life.