Residual renal function (RRF) is an important prognostic factor for peritoneal dialysis patients as it influences the quality of life and mortality. This study was conducted to explore the potential factors correlated with RRF. A cross-sectional study was conducted by recruiting 155 patients with residual GFR more than 1 mL/min per 1.73m(2) at the initiation of peritoneal dialysis. We collected the demographic characteristics, nutritional markers and biochemical parameters of all participants, and analyzed the correlation between these variables and residual GFR as well. The odds ratio of RRF loss associated with each of the nutritional markers and biochemical parameters were estimated by logistic regression model. The residual GFR was negatively correlated with serum phosphate (ORQ3 = 2.67, 95% CI: 1.03-6.92; ORQ4 = 3.45, 95% CI: 1.35-9.04), magnesium (ORQ4 = 3.77, 95% CI: 1.48-3.63), and creatinine (ORQ3 = 2.93, 95% CI: 1.09-7.88; ORQ4 = 8.64 95% CI: 2.792-6.78), while positively associated with normalized protein catabolic rate (ORQ3 = 0.24, 95% CI: 0.09-0.65; ORQ4 = 0.11, 95% CI: 0.03-0.35), 24 hours urine volume(ORQ1 = 22.87, 95% CI: 2.76-189.24; ORQ3 = 0.08, 95% CI: 0.02-0.28) and serum chlorine concentrations (ORQ1 = 5.34, 95% CI: 1.94-14.68; ORQ4 = 0.28, 95% CI: 0.09-0.85), respectively. Our study suggested that the nutritional markers and biochemical parameters, though not all, but at least in part were closely correlated with RRF in peritoneal dialysis patients.