Background: House dust mites (HDMs) are the major aeroallergens in patients with rhinitis and/or asthma in China. However; the molecular sensitization of HDM is varied in different regions. Objective: To investigate the Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Der p) molecular sensitization profile of allergic rhinitis (AR) patients in Central China. Methods: AR patients with positive skin prick tests to Der p were enrolled in our study. Specific immunoglobulin E (sIgE) for Der p, Dermatophagoides farinae (Der f), Acarus siro (Aca s), Blomia tropicalis (Blo t), and Der p components Der p1, Der p2, and Der p10 were measured in all patients. Results: A total of 130 patients were included. The overall prevalence of positive serum sIgE was 99.2% for Der p, 98.5% for Der f 81.5% for Aca s, 83.1% for Blo t, 71.5% for Der p 1, 64.6% for Der p2, and 11.5% for Der p10. HDM-AR patients with asthma displayed significantly higher concentrations of sIgE to Der p, Der f, Der p1, and Der p2 than did those without asthma (P <.001). The prevalence of asthma in HDM-AR patients was higher among the patients sensitized to both Der p1 and Der p2 (62.8%) than those sensitized to only I allergen (Der p1 26.7% or Der p2 16.7%; P or nonsensitized to Der p1 and Der p2 (19.4%; P <.001). Conclusion: Der p has high cross-reactivity with other mite species. Der p1 and Der p2 are the major components to induce Der p sensitization among AR patients in Central China. Sensitization to both Der p1and Der p2 may be a risk factor for developing asthma in HDM-AR patients.