Objective Dyslipidemia is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease, the major cause of death in an aging population. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of dyslipidemia for the past decade among adults in Wuhan, China. Methods We performed a serial cross-sectional study that recruited 705 219 adults from the Health Management Center of Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology from 2010 to 2019. The diagnosis of dyslipidemia was based on the 2016 Chinese Guidelines for the Management of Dyslipidemia in Adults. Fixed effects and random effects models were applied to adjust the confounding variables (gender and age). Results The overall prevalence of dyslipidemia was 33.1% (46.2% in men and 14.7% in women) in 2019. The prevalence of dyslipidemia was significantly increased over 10 years [from 28.6% (95% CI: 28.2%-29.1%) in 2010 to 32.8 % (95% CI:32.6%-33.1%) in 2019;. P-0.001], especially for hypo-high-density lipoprotein cholesterolemia [from 18.4% (95% CI: 18.0%-18.8%) in 2010 to 24.5% (95% CI: 24.3%-24.7%) in 2019; P-0.001]. In 2019, the prevalence of dyslipidemia was higher in participants with comorbidities, including overweight/obesity, hypertension, diabetes, hyperuricemia, or chronic kidney disease, and dyslipidemia was the most significant among participants aged 30-39 years. Conclusion This study demonstrated that dyslipidemia is on the rise in men, and more emphasis should be provided for the screening of dyslipidemia in young males for the primary prevention of cardiovascular and renal diseases.